Some universities do not award honorary levels, for instance, Cornell University, the University of Virginia, the California Institute of Technology, Rice University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Higher doctorates are often also awarded honoris causa when a university needs to formally recognize a person’s achievements and contributions to a particular area. Criteria for analysis doctorates range, but typically require completion of a considerable physique of unique analysis, which may be presented as a single thesis or dissertation, or as a portfolio of shorter project reports . The submitted dissertation is assessed by a committee of examiners, and is then sometimes defended by the candidate throughout an oral examination by the committee...